After the etiology of the disease is laid on the table, the discussion shifts to the pathology. This part describes in detail the progression of the disease beginning with how the risk factors trigger the disease up to its complete manifestation.
Cite APA 7 Franscisco,. Differences Between Etiology And Pathology. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. MLA 8 Franscisco,. Name required. Email required. This process involves a detailed study of the origin of the disease and its initial stage. Several factors are responsible, why diseases occur in an organism.
Etiology offers the identification of all the risk factors associated with a particular disease. Its work is the prevention of the occurrence of several diseases as well.
The meaning of the word etiology is to give a reason for something. It is derived from a Greek word. Etiology is used in philosophy, medicine, geography, physics, psychology , government, spatial analysis, biology, theology.
Detailed research and study of the effects and symptoms of disease, injury, or health condition are called pathology. The process of pathology also incorporates a variety of medical practices and biology research fields. Now in this modern times, in the medical treatment context, the word is used in a streamlined meaning referring to tests and processes. General pathology is concerned with the contemporary medical field. This field is concerned with medical specialties which are different but related to each other.
Discovery of the Microscopic World Before the use of lenses to magnify objects, it was physically impossible to make observations on objects smaller than the resolving limit of the human eye about 0. Critical Developments During the 19th Century Cellular Pathology, Germ Theory, and Infectious Etiologic Agents The relevance of microanatomy and microbiology to human disease required expansion of conceptual understanding to include morphologic changes in diseased cells and tissues, as well as recognition of an etiologic role for microorganisms.
Organic Chemistry Prior to , organic carbon-containing compounds were thought to derive from living organisms, and it was thought that they could never be synthesized from nonliving inorganic material. Histotechnology Morphologic diagnosis of disease requires thin 3—5 microns , contrast-rich requiring dyes sections of chemically fixed cross-linked or precipitated tissue.
Developments During the 20th Century Humoral and Cellular Immunology The development of antisera in the 20th century for therapeutic purposes for instance, treatment of diphtheria led to progressive understanding of the antibody, the efferent arm of the humoral immune response. Natural Product Chemistry and the Rise of Clinical Laboratories Diseases due to dietary deficiencies like scurvy and hormonal imbalances like diabetes mellitus were described clinically long before they were understood pathologically.
Natural Product Chemistry: Nucleic Acids The previous vignettes indicate a scientific approach to natural products of the steroid and protein types, but do not indicate how proteins are encoded, what accounts for variation in the same protein in the population, or how inherited diseases are inherited. Sclerosing adenosis of breast. Invasive adenocarcinoma of prostate. Estrogen receptor ER immunostain of breast carcinoma. Strong nuclear immunoreactivity for ER is noted, guiding use of ER inhibitor therapy.
The Future of Diagnostic Pathology Diagnostic pathology will continue to use morphology and complementary data from protein immunohistochemical and nucleic acid cytogenetics, in situ hybridization, DNA sequence, and RNA abundance screening assays. Rapid Cytogenetics Current uses of in situ hybridization to screen for viruses such as EBV , light chain restriction in B lymphomas , and copy number variation for instance, HER2 gene amplification demonstrate the benefit of in situ nucleic acid hybridization assays.
Computer-Based Prognosis and Prediction Current uses of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology demonstrate their benefit through improved diagnostic accuracy. Normal Ranges and Disease Risks by Ethnic Group Current uses of normal ranges for serum chemistry assume similar bell-curve distributions across ages, sexes, and races. Individual Metabolic Differences Relevant to Drug Metabolism Current uses of liver and renal impairment to guide drug dosage demonstrate the benefit of using patient physiology to customize therapy.
Serum Biomarkers Current uses of prostate specific antigen to screen for prostate carcinoma and its recurrence demonstrate the benefit of serum biomarkers in common neoplasms. Conclusion Pathologists consider each disease to have a natural, mechanical, physicochemical basis. References 1.
Rosai J. Mosby; St. Louis, MO: Porter R. The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity. Marshall B. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Jay V. The legacy of Karl Rokitansky.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. Paget J. Brown, Green, and Longmans; London: Lectures on surgical pathology. Virchow R. August Hirschwald; Berlin: Cellular pathology. Hansen G. Investigations concerning the etiology of leprosy. Norsk Mag Laegervidenskaben.
Koch R. Turk J. Rudolf Virchow—father of cellular pathology. J R Soc Med. December ; 86 12 — Holmes O. Contagiousness of puerperal fever. N Engl Q J Med. Dunn P. Oliver Wendell Holmes — and his essay on puerperal fever. Raju T. Ignac Semmelweis and the etiology of fetal and neonatal sepsis. J Perinatol. Pasteur L. On the germ theory. Wohler F. Ueber kunstliche bildung des harnstoffs. Ann Phys Chem. Gal A. In search of the origins of modern surgical pathology. Adv Anat Pathol.
Medawar P. The immunology of transplantation. Harvey Lect. Early P. Leder P. Recombination events that activate, diversify, and delete immunoglobulin genes.
Kroczek R. Emerging paradigms of T-cell co-stimulation. Curr Opin Immunol. Coons A. Localization of antigen in tissue cells; improvements in a method for the detection of antigen by means of fluorescent antibody. J Exp Med. Kohler G. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Wilkins M. Molecular structure of deoxypentose nucleic acids. Franklin R. Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate. Watson J. Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid.
Crick F. General nature of the genetic code for proteins. Nirenberg M. The RNA code and protein synthesis. Gall J. Pardue M. Goeddel D. Expression in Escherichia coli of chemically synthesized genes for human insulin. Sanger F.
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Maxam A. A new method for sequencing DNA. Smith L. What the difference between etiology vs. Psychology Intro to Psychology What is Psychology? Jun 2, Etiology is about causes of disease. Pathology is about the symptoms.
0コメント